How Long Should You Cool a Burn with Water?

Assessing Burn Severity

When treating a burn, it’s essential to assess its severity before cooling. This involves distinguishing between first-degree (superficial) and second-degree (partial-thickness) burns. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin and typically cause redness, swelling, and pain. In contrast, second-degree burns penetrate deeper, causing blistering and potentially affecting nerve endings. Cooling a second-degree burn for 10 to 15 minutes can help reduce heat and alleviate some discomfort.

Cooling and First Aid

For cooling, submerge the burned area in cool tap water (not ice water) or apply a wet compress. The American Red Cross recommends maintaining the water temperature between 50°F and 55°F (10°C to 13°C) to prevent further injury. Do not use ice directly on the burn, as this can cause additional damage. After 10 to 15 minutes of cooling, gently pat the area dry with a clean towel. Apply a topical antibiotic ointment to help prevent infection, and cover the burn with a non-stick dressing to protect it from further irritation and bacteria.

Ongoing Care and Monitoring

Monitor the burn for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pus. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Keep the burn moist with a topical ointment, and change the dressing daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. Be aware that second-degree burns may require medical attention to promote proper healing and minimize scarring.