Quick Answer
Using caves as overnight shelters poses several dangers, including potential collapse, flooding, and exposure to wildlife, especially when darkness makes navigation difficult.
Geologic Instability
Caves are inherently unstable due to the geological processes that created them. Rockfall and collapse can occur with little warning, especially in areas with loose or friable rock. Be cautious of overhanging formations or loose boulders that could fall, and avoid areas with visible cracks or recent rockfall. If you must stay in a cave, choose a stable area with a solid roof and look for signs of previous collapse, such as debris or eroded rock.
Flooding Risks
Caves can flood suddenly, especially after heavy rainfall or snowmelt. Know the local weather patterns and be prepared for rapid water accumulation. Look for signs of previous flooding, such as water marks or sediment deposits. Consider the cave’s elevation and proximity to streams or rivers, and choose a shelter that is above potential flood levels. If you hear rushing water or see rising water levels, evacuate the cave immediately.
Wildlife Encounters
Caves attract a variety of wildlife, including bats, rodents, and other animals that may be active at night. Be prepared for encounters with these animals, and take necessary precautions to avoid disturbing them. Store food and trash securely to avoid attracting wildlife, and avoid approaching or handling animals, even if they appear harmless. If you encounter a wild animal, remain calm and slowly back away, giving the animal a clear path to exit the shelter.
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