Quick Answer
When navigating the wilderness, it's crucial to avoid topographic features that pose safety risks, such as steep drop-offs, fast-moving rivers, and areas prone to landslides. Recognizable landmarks like cliffs, canyons, and rocky outcroppings should also be avoided. Always check your topo map to identify potential hazards.
Hazardous Drop-Offs
When navigating canyons and valleys, use your topo map to identify steep drop-offs, often marked by contour lines spaced closely together. Avoid areas with dense shading, as these often indicate steep terrain. For example, if the contour lines are spaced 50 feet apart or less, proceed with caution, and consider a safer route. Always look for a safe route with a slope angle of 30 degrees or less.
Fast-Moving Rivers and Streams
When approaching rivers, use your topo map to identify areas with high water velocity, often marked by narrow channels or U-shaped bends. These areas can quickly become impassable due to swollen water or strong currents. When crossing rivers, choose a shallow area with stable footing, and use a rope or staff to test the water’s depth and velocity. If the current exceeds 3-4 knots, consider finding an alternative crossing point.
Landslide-Prone Areas
Use your topo map to identify areas prone to landslides, often marked by steep terrain, recent slide activity, or unstable slope angles. Be cautious of areas with recent tree blowdown, as these can be indicative of a pending landslide. If you encounter a landslide, avoid the area until it has stabilized, as re-activation can occur without warning. Consider using a compass to navigate around the affected area, as GPS signals may be disrupted.
Find more answers
Browse the full Q&A library by topic, or jump back to the topic this question belongs to.