Why might mule deer avoid certain feeding areas during summer?

Avoiding Extreme Heat

Mule deer tend to avoid areas with dense vegetation and poor air circulation, which can lead to heat stress and increased risk of mortality. In such areas, temperatures can soar above 90°F (32°C), causing deer to seek out cooler habitats with more shade. By avoiding these areas, mule deer can reduce their risk of heat-related stress and heat stroke.

Water Availability

Summer droughts can significantly impact water availability in backcountry areas, making it difficult for mule deer to find reliable sources of water. Deer may be forced to travel longer distances to find water, which can lead to increased energy expenditure and reduced foraging time. In areas with limited water sources, mule deer may avoid certain feeding areas that are far from reliable water sources.

Competition and Foraging Pressure

In areas with high densities of mule deer and other wildlife, competition for limited food resources can become intense during summer. Deer may avoid certain feeding areas that are heavily used by other species, such as cattle or elk, to reduce competition and minimize the risk of disease transmission. By avoiding these areas, mule deer can maintain a more stable energy balance and reduce their risk of malnutrition.