Can I enhance a pond's habitat with submerged structures?

Benefits and Design Considerations

When designing submerged structures for your pond, consider the type of waterfowl you want to attract. For example, a pond for mallards and wood ducks may benefit from structures with shallow waters (less than 2 feet deep) and a mix of vegetation, including aquatic plants and submerged logs. A pond for diving ducks, such as mergansers and harlequin ducks, may require deeper waters (4-6 feet deep) and structures that provide cover for them to hide from predators.

Placement and Maintenance

Submerged structures should be placed in areas of the pond where water circulation is poor, such as near the dam or in a quiet bay. This allows the structure to become a refuge for waterfowl during windy or cold weather. Maintenance is crucial to prevent the growth of algae and to ensure the structure remains safe for waterfowl. Remove any debris that accumulates on the structure, and trim any vegetation that grows too long.

Creating a Green Tree Reservoir

A green tree reservoir is a type of submerged structure that uses live trees to provide habitat for waterfowl. Planting trees with branches that extend into the water, such as willows or cottonwoods, can create a rich habitat for waterfowl. The trees provide a source of food, shelter, and breeding grounds for waterfowl, and their roots help to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. When planting a green tree reservoir, space the trees 10-20 feet apart and ensure the water level is deep enough to submerge the lower branches.