Quick Answer
Using smaller gauge shotguns can raise ethical concerns as they can cause excessive suffering and death to non-target animals, damage to the environment, and may not effectively kill larger game, such as deer, cleanly and quickly.
Overpenetration and Unintended Damage
When using sub-gauge shotguns, the larger shot patterns and lower pellet velocities can lead to overpenetration and unintended damage to non-target animals, such as nearby livestock or household pets. For example, a 10-gauge shotgun firing 000 buckshot can easily penetrate two inches of wood, causing damage to surrounding structures. To mitigate this risk, hunters should choose the right ammunition for the job and be mindful of their surroundings.
Excessive Suffering and Death of Non-Target Animals
Smaller gauge shotguns can also cause excessive suffering and death to non-target animals, such as birds and small mammals. For instance, a 12-gauge shotgun firing birdshot may not adequately kill a wounded bird, leading to a prolonged and distressing death. Hunters should aim for a larger pattern and use the right shot type to quickly and humanely dispatch non-target animals.
Effective Killing of Larger Game
Smaller gauge shotguns may not effectively kill larger game, such as deer, cleanly and quickly. For example, a 20-gauge shotgun firing 2 3/4-inch shells may not have enough kinetic energy to penetrate the thick hide of a deer, causing the animal to suffer a slow and painful death. Hunters should choose a larger gauge shotgun or use the right ammunition to ensure a quick and humane kill.
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