What common diseases affect snowshoe hare populations?

Tularemia and Hemorrhagic Disease

Tularemia is a significant disease affecting snowshoe hare populations. It is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, which can be transmitted to hares through contact with infected ticks, fleas, or other vectors. Infection can lead to symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced activity levels. During outbreaks, mortality rates can reach as high as 90%. Research suggests that tularemia is more prevalent in hare populations during years when winter snow cover is deep and dense, likely due to the increased abundance of ticks and other vectors.

Other Health Risks

In addition to tularemia and hemorrhagic disease, snowshoe hares may also be susceptible to other health risks, including respiratory infections and parasites such as tapeworms and fleas. These parasites can weaken hares and make them more vulnerable to disease. For example, a study found that up to 90% of hare carcasses examined had evidence of tapeworm infestation.

Managing Disease Risks

To minimize disease risks in snowshoe hare populations, hunters and wildlife managers can take steps to reduce the abundance of ticks and other vectors. This can be achieved through the use of tick-killing pesticides or by promoting tick-resistant habitat features, such as areas with dense underbrush or low-lying vegetation. Additionally, hunters can help reduce disease risks by avoiding areas with known outbreaks and by reporting any unusual sightings or symptoms to local wildlife authorities.