How does bullet construction affect terminal performance?

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Jacketed vs Unjacketed Bullets Jacketed bullets, such as those with a full metal jacket, are designed for deep penetration and minimal expansion, making them suitable for larger varmints and hunting applications where stopping power is a priority. In contrast, unjacketed or soft-point bullets are designed for expansion and weight retention, resulting in a wider wound channel and increased stopping power. For example, the Hornady 55-grain V-Max bullet, a popular choice for varmint hunting, features a polymer tip and a thin jacket for maximum expansion.
Bullet Profile and Weight The profile and weight of the bullet also play a crucial role in determining terminal performance. For example, a heavier bullet with a more streamlined profile will typically exhibit deeper penetration but may not expand as much as a lighter bullet with a more aerodynamic shape. In the case of the .223 Remington, a 55-grain bullet is a popular choice for varmint hunting due to its high velocity and flat trajectory. However, a heavier 77-grain bullet may be more suitable for larger varmints or hunting applications where deeper penetration is required.
Ballistic Coefficient and Expansion The ballistic coefficient, or BC, of the bullet also affects its terminal performance. A higher BC indicates a more aerodynamic bullet that will experience less drag and maintain its velocity over longer distances. However, a lower BC bullet may be more suitable for hunting applications where expansion is a priority, as it will typically experience more drag and slow down more quickly, resulting in a wider wound channel. For example, the Hornady 60-grain Varmint Express bullet features a BC of 0.175 and is designed for maximum expansion and weight retention, making it a popular choice for varmint hunting.