Quick Answer
Nausea at high altitudes is primarily caused by the body's difficulty in adapting to lower oxygen levels, which can lead to a condition known as acute mountain sickness (AMS). This is often due to the inability to increase oxygen supply to the body, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, headaches, and fatigue.
Acclimatization and Altitude Sickness
Acclimatization is the process of adapting to high altitudes by gradually increasing elevation over a period of days. This allows the body to adjust to the decrease in oxygen levels, reducing the risk of altitude sickness. Aim to ascend no more than 1,000 to 1,500 feet (300 to 450 meters) per day, and spend a day or two at each camp to allow for proper acclimatization. For example, if you’re climbing Mount Everest, spend a few days at Base Camp (17,598 feet or 5,364 meters) before moving higher.
Symptoms and Descent
If symptoms of altitude sickness, such as nausea, occur, it’s essential to recognize them early and take action. Mild cases often improve with rest, hydration, and pain medication, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. In severe cases, however, immediate descent is necessary. Aim to descend at least 1,000 to 2,000 feet (300 to 600 meters) per day to alleviate symptoms. As a last resort, medication such as Diamox (acetazolamide) can help alleviate symptoms, but always consult a medical professional before taking it.
Treatment and Prevention
In addition to acclimatization, prevention is key. Using Diamox as a preventative measure can reduce the risk of altitude sickness, but it’s essential to consult a medical professional before taking it. Furthermore, maintaining proper hydration, monitoring body temperature, and staying hydrated are all crucial in preventing altitude sickness. When ascending to high altitudes, it’s also essential to recognize and report any symptoms to a medical professional or your guide.
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