Quick Answer
Propane heating is generally 4-6% efficient, while wood heating can be as low as 5-10% efficient when considering the entire system, including the chimney. However, wood heating can be more efficient when using a well-designed wood stove with a high heat exchange efficiency of 70-80%. Propane heaters are often more convenient but can be more expensive.
Efficiency Comparison
Propane heating systems are known for their high heat output and low maintenance requirements. They typically have an efficiency rating of 80-90% for the actual combustion process, but the overall system efficiency is lower due to factors like heat loss and distribution. In contrast, a well-designed wood stove with a high heat exchange efficiency can achieve a system efficiency of 70-80%.
Cost per BTU
The cost per BTU (British Thermal Unit) of propane and wood heating can vary significantly. Propane costs around $1.50 to $2.50 per gallon, with a typical BTU output of 91,000 BTUs per gallon. Wood, on the other hand, can cost anywhere from $100 to $300 per cord, depending on the type and quality of the wood. Assuming an average heat exchange efficiency of 70% for a wood stove, the cost per BTU would be around $0.03 to $0.05 per BTU. This makes wood heating a more cost-effective option, especially when considering the long-term costs.
Storage and Convenience
Propane heating systems require a storage tank and a reliable supply chain, which can be a concern in off-grid settings. In contrast, wood heating allows for decentralized and locally sourced fuel, reducing reliance on external supplies. However, wood storage requires a significant amount of space and can be a logistical challenge, especially during wet or snow-covered conditions. Propane heaters are often more convenient to use, as they provide a consistent and reliable heat source with minimal maintenance requirements.
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