Quick Answer
When a person undergoes hypothermia, their body temperature drops below 95°F (35°C), slowing down metabolism, heart rate, and brain function. As hypothermia progresses, victims may become disoriented, lose coordination, and eventually fall unconscious. In severe cases, hypothermia can lead to cardiac arrest and death.
What Causes Hypothermia?
Hypothermia occurs when a person’s body loses heat faster than it can produce it. In a water rescue scenario, this can happen quickly due to cold water immersion. Water temperatures below 60°F (15°C) can cause hypothermia in as little as 15-30 minutes. The rate of heat loss depends on factors such as water temperature, wind chill, and the victim’s clothing and physical condition.
Recognizing Hypothermia Symptoms
Identifying hypothermia symptoms is crucial for effective rescue and treatment. Common signs include shivering, confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, and loss of coordination. As hypothermia progresses, victims may become unresponsive, exhibit dilated pupils, and experience difficulty breathing. It’s essential to recognize these symptoms early on to provide prompt medical attention and prevent further complications.
Treating Hypothermia
Treatment for hypothermia involves rewarming the victim as quickly and safely as possible. The American Red Cross recommends using the “ABC” method: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. This involves opening the airway, ensuring the victim is breathing, and maintaining circulation with CPR if necessary. In a water rescue scenario, this may involve using a flotation device to keep the victim afloat while providing warmth with blankets or a rescue wrap.
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