Quick Answer
Common psychological reactions after an earthquake include anxiety, fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Survivors may experience flashbacks, nightmares, or avoidance of places or situations that remind them of the earthquake. These reactions can be severe and long-lasting.
Acute Phase (0-72 hours)
After an earthquake, survivors often experience a range of emotions, including shock, denial, and anxiety. In the first 72 hours, it’s essential to assess the individual’s physical and emotional needs. Establish a safe and stable environment, and provide reassurance and support. This can be achieved through simple techniques such as active listening, providing clear and concise information, and offering physical comfort like a hug or a warm blanket.
Sub-Acute Phase (72 hours-2 weeks)
During this phase, survivors may begin to experience more intense emotional symptoms, including flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be an effective tool in addressing these symptoms. CBT involves identifying and challenging negative thought patterns, and learning new coping skills. For example, a survivor may learn to reframe a traumatic memory by focusing on their strengths and resilience.
Chronic Phase (beyond 2 weeks)
In the chronic phase, survivors may develop more severe and long-lasting psychological reactions, including PTSD. To address these symptoms, it’s essential to seek professional help from a mental health expert. Treatment options may include medication, CBT, or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. EMDR, for instance, involves using eye movements or other forms of stimulation to process traumatic memories and reduce symptoms. A mental health professional can work with the survivor to develop a personalized treatment plan, and provide ongoing support and guidance.
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