Quick Answer
Yarrow varieties can be identified by the shape and size of their leaves, the color and arrangement of their flowers, and the length and color of their stems. Achillea millefolium, the common yarrow, has fern-like leaves with a strong, pungent scent. Other varieties may have smaller, less fern-like leaves or different flower colors.
Leaf Structure and Arrangement
When identifying yarrow varieties, examine the shape and size of the leaves. Common yarrow has fern-like leaves that are typically 2-4 inches long and divided into many small leaflets. These leaflets have a saw-toothed or lobed edge and a strong, pungent scent. Other varieties, like Achillea alpina, may have smaller leaves that are less divided and more rounded at the edges.
Flower Color and Arrangement
The color and arrangement of the flowers can also help identify yarrow varieties. Common yarrow has white or pale yellow flowers that are arranged in a flat-topped cluster. The flowers are small, about 1/4 inch long, and have a distinctive shape with a prominent center. Other varieties, like Achillea filipendulina, may have larger flowers in shades of pink or red.
Stem Length and Color
Finally, examine the length and color of the stems to help identify yarrow varieties. Common yarrow has stems that are typically 2-4 feet tall and have a strong, slightly hairy texture. The stems may be single or multiple, and are often branched towards the top. Other varieties, like Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis, may have shorter stems or a different texture.
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