What Are Common Health Issues Found in Axis Deer Populations?

Parasitic and Bacterial Infections

Axis deer in Hawaii are particularly vulnerable to internal parasites like nematodes and coccidiosis due to the high humidity and warm climate. Managing these parasites often requires administering deworming medications to affected animals, typically every 6-8 weeks during peak parasite seasons. Research suggests that deworming axis deer can be most effective when targeting nematode species, which can be achieved through ivermectin administration every 6 weeks.

Viral Infections and Disease

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been detected in axis deer populations in Hawaii, causing significant health issues and mortality. To monitor for BVDV infection, deer managers should conduct serological testing and PCR analysis on tissue samples. Early detection can help prevent the spread of the virus by culling infected animals and implementing biosecurity measures.

Chronic Wasting Disease

While rare in axis deer populations, chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been identified in Hawaii. CWD can be transmitted between deer through contact with infectious prions, often through the consumption of infected animal tissues. Effective disease management strategies for CWD include culling high-risk deer, conducting regular testing, and implementing stringent biosecurity protocols to prevent the introduction of CWD-positive deer.