Quick Answer
Signs of allergic reactions vs. infection in wilderness injuries often overlap, but look for rapid swelling, difficulty breathing, and a rash as signs of an allergic reaction, while signs of infection include redness, increased pain, warmth, and pus.
Identifying Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions in wilderness injuries often manifest rapidly, within minutes to an hour after exposure. Common signs include hives or rashes, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, and nausea. If you suspect an allergic reaction, administer epinephrine using an EpiPen if available, and seek medical attention immediately. Call for help and stay with the injured person.
Identifying Infections
When assessing a wound for signs of infection, look for redness, swelling, and increased warmth. Check for a foul odor or the presence of pus. If the wound is warm to the touch, or if the edges are red and swollen, it’s likely infected. Apply a clean dressing, and if the wound is deep or large, consider using a sterile dressing or applying a topical antibiotic. Monitor the wound for signs of improvement or worsening.
Treating Both Conditions
While treating allergic reactions, also address any injuries that may have caused the reaction. If the injured person is experiencing symptoms of an allergic reaction, treat as you would in any emergency situation, including calling for help, administering epinephrine if available, and staying with the person. When treating infections, keep the wound clean and dry, changing dressings frequently to prevent the spread of infection. Consider using a topical antibiotic or taking antibiotics if prescribed by a medical professional.
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