Primary Health Concerns After a Tsunami: What to Watch For?

Water-Borne Illnesses and Dehydration

After a tsunami, the risk of water-borne illnesses such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever increases due to contaminated water sources. Dehydration is a common problem, especially if you’ve been without access to clean drinking water. Consume at least 1 liter of clean water per person per day. For severe dehydration, use the “rule of nines” to assess dehydration: 9% dehydration: mild symptoms, 10-13%: moderate symptoms, 14% or higher: severe symptoms. Use the “thumb test” for infants and young children: if the back of their neck and forehead feel dry, they may be dehydrated.

Hypothermia and Cardiovascular Issues

Hypothermia can occur quickly, especially in cold water or high winds. Monitor for symptoms such as shivering, confusion, and difficulty speaking. Treat hypothermia with dry clothing, blankets, and warm beverages. For cardiovascular issues, look for signs of heart problems, such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and rapid heartbeat. Administer aspirin only for severe cases of heart attack; for other cases, seek immediate medical help.

Injuries and Wounds

Injuries from the tsunami can be severe, including lacerations, puncture wounds, and blunt force trauma. Clean wounds with soap and clean water, and apply antibiotic ointment. Cover wounds with sterile dressings to prevent infection. Monitor for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, and increased pain. Administer first aid for fractures, sprains, and strains, and seek medical attention if the injury worsens or doesn’t improve with treatment.