How to troubleshoot low water pressure from a shallow well pump?

Checking Suction Line and Pump Priming

A common issue with low water pressure from a shallow well pump is a clogged or kinked suction line. Check the suction line for any blockages or restrictions, such as debris, sediment, or mineral buildup. Remove any visible blockages and inspect the line for kinks or bends that could be restricting water flow. Additionally, verify that the pump is properly primed. A primed pump means that the air is removed from the suction side, allowing water to flow freely. To prime the pump, fill the suction tank with water and ensure the suction line is submerged in water. If the pump is not primed, the pressure may be low due to airlock.

Discharge Line and Well Casing Inspection

Another potential cause of low water pressure is an obstruction in the discharge line. Inspect the discharge line for any blockages, such as sediment, debris, or scale buildup. Remove any visible blockages and ensure the line is not kinked or bent. Additionally, inspect the well casing for any debris or sediment buildup that could be restricting water flow. Clear any debris or sediment from the well casing and ensure the casing is clear of any obstructions.

Pressure Gauge Testing

To further diagnose the issue, install suction and discharge pressure gauges on the pump. These gauges will provide a reading of the pressure at the suction and discharge points of the pump. A pressure gauge reading can help identify if the issue is with the suction or discharge side of the pump. For example, if the suction pressure gauge reads 10 PSI and the discharge pressure gauge reads 40 PSI, the issue may be with the pump itself or a restriction in the suction line. If the suction pressure gauge reads 50 PSI and the discharge pressure gauge reads 40 PSI, the issue may be with the discharge line or a restriction in the system.