Quick Answer
A straight, dry branch or stick about 1-2 feet long made from a hardwood such as cedar, ash, or hawthorn works best for making a shadow stick.
Choosing the Right Stick
When selecting a stick, look for one that is straight and free of knots, which can cause uneven measurements. A hardwood stick is preferred over a softwood stick, as it is more durable and resistant to weathering. For example, a cedar stick, which is naturally resistant to rot and insects, can be an excellent choice.
Measuring the Sun’s Shadow
To create a shadow stick, place the stick upright in the ground at a 90-degree angle to the sun. Mark the end of the shadow with a small rock or stick. Wait for 15-20 minutes, then mark the end of the shadow again. The distance between the two marks is the length of the sun’s shadow. Repeat this process at different times of the day to measure the changing length of the shadow and estimate the time.
Using the Shadow Stick for Navigation
By plotting the length of the shadow on a map or a piece of paper, you can estimate the direction of south. In the northern hemisphere, the shadow will be longest in the winter and shortest in the summer. In the southern hemisphere, it will be the opposite. This technique can be used to determine direction, estimate time, and even navigate during overcast or foggy conditions.
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