Quick Answer
Frostbite symptoms include numbness, tingling, white or grayish discoloration of the skin, and a lack of sensation or feeling in the affected area. Hypothermia symptoms include shivering, confusion, dizziness, and difficulty speaking. They can be difficult to distinguish, but generally, frostbite is more localized to the extremities.
Recognizing Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. It usually affects extremities like fingers, toes, ears, and nose. The affected area may appear pale or white, and it can become numb and feel like it’s burning or throbbing. In severe cases, the skin may turn gray or blue and blister.
Detecting Hypothermia
Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 95°F (35°C). It can happen quickly in cold water or slowly in cold environments. Shivering is often the first sign of hypothermia, but it can also cause confusion, dizziness, and difficulty speaking. In severe cases, hypothermia can lead to loss of consciousness and even death.
Prevention Techniques
To prevent frostbite and hypothermia, wear layered, breathable clothing to trap warm air next to the skin. Choose moisture-wicking fabrics that will help keep you dry. In cold weather, dress in at least three layers: a base layer, a mid-layer (fleece or wool), and a waterproof outer layer. Avoid tight clothing that can restrict blood flow. In extreme cold, wear a hat, scarf, and gloves to protect your head, neck, and extremities. Stay dry by avoiding wet clothing and staying out of strong winds. If you must be outside in cold weather, monitor your body temperature and take regular breaks to warm up in a shelter or vehicle.
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