How Can You Use Paper Maps for Search and Rescue?

Plotting a Search Area

When using paper maps for search and rescue, the first step is to plot a search area based on the last known location of the missing person. This involves using a map scale to calculate the distance between known features, such as landmarks or roads. For example, if the missing person was last seen 5 miles east of a prominent road, you can use a map scale to plot a 5-mile radius around that location, creating a search area of approximately 78.5 acres (5 miles x 5 miles x π).

Triangulation and Dead Reckoning

Once a search area has been plotted, teams can use triangulation and dead reckoning to narrow down the search area and locate the missing individual. Triangulation involves using multiple reference points to determine the location of a third point, while dead reckoning involves tracking the movement of a person over time to estimate their current location. For example, if a team has tracked the movement of a missing person over a period of 3 hours, they can calculate their likely location based on their speed and direction of travel. This can be done using a map and a protractor to estimate the bearing and distance traveled.

Using Contours and Topography

Paper maps can also be used to take advantage of contours and topography to aid in search and rescue efforts. By studying the shape and layout of hills and valleys on the map, teams can identify potential hiding spots or areas where a missing person may be able to survive for an extended period. For example, if a map shows a valley with a source of water, teams can focus their search efforts in that area, knowing that the missing person may be able to survive for longer in a location with an available water source.