Quick Answer
When analyzing a map for survival, vital features include contour lines, elevation, water sources, and natural obstacles like hills and valleys. These features help you navigate and understand the terrain. Understanding them is crucial for planning a safe route.
Understanding Contour Lines
Contour lines on a topographic map represent the shape and elevation of the terrain. The closer together the lines are, the steeper the slope. A contour interval of 20 feet (6 meters) is a common standard. If you see a series of lines close together, it may indicate a steep cliff or a rocky area. Conversely, lines that are far apart may indicate a gentle slope or a flat area.
Identifying Water Sources
Water sources are essential for survival. On a map, look for blue lines, which represent streams, rivers, and lakes. These lines can also indicate the presence of wetlands, swamps, or marshes. Additionally, look for areas with dense vegetation, as they may indicate the presence of a water source. You can also use the map to identify areas with a higher likelihood of finding water, such as near mountain ranges or in areas with a high concentration of contour lines.
Reading the Terrain
The terrain on a map can be just as important as the features themselves. Look for hills, valleys, and ridges, as they can indicate the presence of obstacles or areas with unique characteristics. For example, a hill may indicate a difficult climb, while a valley may indicate a safer route. Use the contours to estimate the steepness of the terrain and plan your route accordingly. A good rule of thumb is to avoid traversing steep slopes and instead opt for a route that follows the contour lines at a 45-degree angle.
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