Quick Answer
Signs of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema to Watch For: Recognize the symptoms of HAPE, which include coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and a feeling of pressure in the chest. If you or someone you're with experiences these symptoms, descend immediately and seek medical attention.
Early Symptoms and Warning Signs
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) often develops 2-4 days after arrival at high altitude, but can occur as soon as 12 hours. Early symptoms include a dry, non-productive cough, headaches, and fatigue. These symptoms may progress to shortness of breath at rest, even when sitting or lying down, and a feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest.
Advanced Symptoms and Risk Factors
As HAPE worsens, symptoms may include a blue discoloration of the lips and fingers (cyanosis), confusion, and a rapid heart rate. People with a history of high-altitude illness, heart or lung disease, or those who ascend too quickly are at higher risk for HAPE. Other risk factors include a higher altitude, poor physical conditioning, and smoking.
Treatment and Prevention
Descend to a lower altitude as quickly as possible, ideally to 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) or lower. Administer oxygen and provide IV fluids to prevent dehydration. Prescription medications like Diamox (acetazolamide) can help prevent HAPE by stimulating breathing and improving acclimatization, but should be used under medical supervision. Proper acclimatization involves ascending no more than 300 meters (1,000 feet) per day, resting for 24 hours at intermediate elevations, and staying hydrated.
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