Quick Answer
If you fall through the ice, do not attempt to swim back to the surface or stand up, as this can increase your energy expenditure and risk of hypothermia. Instead, relax and spread your arms and legs to increase your buoyancy.
Staying Afloat
When you fall through the ice, your initial instinct may be to thrash about and try to swim back to the surface. Resist this urge, as it will only exhaust you further and increase your risk of hypothermia. Instead, relax your body and spread your arms and legs out to the sides, like a starfish. This will increase your buoyancy and help you stay afloat on the surface of the water.
Calling for Help
As you float on the surface, look for a nearby tree or other object to grab onto, or try to signal for help with your arms and legs. If you can see someone nearby, shout for assistance and try to stay visible by waving your arms and legs. Use a whistle or other noise-making device if you have one, as sound carries better than sight across frozen water.
Reaching the Shore
If you’re able to swim or are helped back onto the ice, move as quickly as possible to solid ground. Remove any wet clothing and get into a dry, warm shelter as soon as possible. Use a space blanket or emergency bivvy sack to stay warm if you’re unable to get back to civilization immediately.
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