What common errors do hikers make in compass usage?

Understanding Magnetic Variation

Magnetic variation, also known as declination, is the difference between magnetic north and true north. This value can vary by hundreds of degrees depending on your location. For example, if you are hiking in the western United States, the magnetic variation might be around 15 degrees east. To correct for this, you need to set your compass’s declination setting to the correct value. The key is to know your location’s magnetic variation and set your compass accordingly. You can find this information on your compass or online, or by consulting a topographic map.

Taking Accurate Readings

When taking an accurate reading with your compass, it’s essential to understand how to hold it correctly. Hold the compass level and steady, with the direction-of-travel arrow pointing towards your destination. Take your reading from the compass’s rotating bezel, not the magnetic needle. This is usually marked with a red arrow or “N” for north. To ensure accuracy, make sure the needle is centered between the orienting lines on the bezel, and the direction-of-travel arrow is pointing towards your destination.

Avoiding Common Mistakes

Some common mistakes hikers make when using a compass include failing to take into account their surroundings, such as trees or rocks that can interfere with the compass’s magnetic field. Also, not re-calibrating their compass after a sudden change in direction or environment, such as moving from a dense forest to a open meadow. This can result in inaccurate readings and lead to disorientation. To avoid these mistakes, always take a moment to re-orient your compass and double-check your bearing readings before proceeding.