Quick Answer
In the United States, the International Residential Code (IRC) sets standards for tornado shelters in homes, requiring them to be specifically designed and built to withstand high winds and debris. The code is enforced in most states, but local jurisdictions may have their own regulations. Homeowners should consult their local building department for specific requirements.
Tornado Shelter Requirements in New Construction
The IRC requires new homes built in tornado-prone areas to have a storm shelter or a safe room on the lowest floor, which is typically the basement or the first floor. The safe room must be at least 1/3 the size of the home, with a minimum area of 96 square feet for homes up to 1,200 square feet and 192 square feet for larger homes. The shelter must be designed to withstand winds of at least 250 miles per hour and debris impact.
Existing Home Requirements and Retrofits
For existing homes, the IRC recommends that homeowners create a safe room or storm shelter in an interior space, such as a closet or bathroom, on the lowest floor. The room must be at least 5 feet by 7 feet in size and have a reinforced door and frame. Homeowners can also consider retrofitting their existing home with a storm shelter or safe room, which may require professional installation. In mobile homes, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that homeowners install a storm shelter or safe room specifically designed for mobile homes.
Safety Considerations After a Tornado
After a tornado has passed, homeowners should exercise caution when approaching their home. If the home has been damaged, it may be unsafe to enter. Homeowners should check for fallen power lines, sharp debris, and structural damage before entering the home. In mobile homes, the home may be uninhabitable if it has been damaged or destroyed. Homeowners should contact their local emergency management agency or a professional contractor to assess the damage and provide guidance on repairs.
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