Should I apply a tourniquet before calling for help in a wilderness?

When to Apply a Tourniquet

Apply a tourniquet to severe injuries that result in significant blood loss, such as an open fracture or a severe wound that won’t stop bleeding. A tourniquet can help control bleeding and prevent shock, but it should be used as a last resort. The TCCC (Tactical Combat Casualty Care) guidelines recommend applying a tourniquet if bleeding is severe and uncontrolled, and the wound is not amenable to direct pressure or other bleeding control measures.

Tourniquet Application Technique

To apply a tourniquet correctly, follow these steps: locate the femoral artery, which is the main artery in the thigh, and place the tourniquet about 2-3 inches above the elbow or knee. Tighten the tourniquet in a figure-eight pattern, using a windlass or a stick to apply pressure, until bleeding stops. The tourniquet should be tightened in 1-2 minutes, and the patient should be checked for pulse and sensation in the affected limb. The CAT Tourniquet is a popular and effective device that can be applied using these steps.

Tourniquet Considerations

When applying a tourniquet, consider the patient’s overall condition and the severity of the injury. A tourniquet should not be applied for more than 2 hours, as prolonged application can cause nerve and muscle damage. The tourniquet should also be checked regularly to ensure it is not too tight, which can cause further harm. Additionally, the patient should be monitored for signs of shock, such as pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and decreased urine output.