Quick Answer
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive amounts of water and salt. Symptoms may include heavy sweating, pale and cool skin, fast and weak pulse, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. Move the person to a shaded area and provide cool or lukewarm water.
Assessing the Situation
Assess the situation and evaluate the severity of heat exhaustion. If the person is unconscious, not breathing, or not breathing normally, call for emergency medical help immediately. For mild to moderate cases, move the person to a shaded area and loosen tight clothing to promote air circulation.
Providing First Aid
Loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck, chest, and waist. Remove excess clothing and provide cool or lukewarm water in small amounts (about 1-2 cups). You can also apply cool compresses to the forehead, neck, and other areas to lower the body temperature. If the person is conscious, offer water and electrolyte-rich drinks like sports drinks (about 1-2 cups every 10-15 minutes). Monitor the person’s vital signs, including pulse, breathing rate, and urine output.
Preventing Dehydration
Preventing dehydration is crucial in treating heat exhaustion. Encourage the person to drink water and electrolyte-rich drinks in small amounts every 10-15 minutes. Avoid giving too much water at once, as this can lead to hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood). Electrolyte-rich drinks can help replenish lost salts and minerals. Additionally, encourage the person to rest in a shaded area and avoid strenuous activities.
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