What Local Knowledge Is Valuable For Hunting Caribou?

Familiarity with Migration Routes and Timing

Understanding the caribou migration routes and timing is essential for successful hunting. The Western Arctic caribou herd, for example, migrates from the Arctic tundra to the boreal forest and back every year, following a specific route that covers over 500 miles. Knowing the exact route and timing can help hunters position themselves in the right location at the right time. In Alaska, the caribou migration typically occurs between August and October, with the peak migration period usually taking place in September.

Understanding Habitat Preferences

Caribou in Alaska prefer specific habitats, such as tundra and boreal forest, and tend to congregate in areas with abundant food sources, such as lichens and grasses. Hunters should be familiar with these habitat preferences to increase their chances of spotting caribou. In the Arctic tundra, for example, caribou tend to congregate around areas with abundant lichens, such as the Arctic cotton grass (Eriophorum angustifolium) and the low-growing lichens (Cladonia rangiferina). In the boreal forest, caribou tend to congregate around areas with abundant willows and grasses.

Techniques for Tracking and Spotting Caribou

Hunters should use specific techniques to track and spot caribou, such as observing animal tracks, scat, and digging areas. Caribou tracks can be identified by their distinctive shape and size, with the hoof print being roughly the size of a man’s hand. Scat can be used to determine the caribou’s diet and to estimate the number of animals in the area. Digging areas, or “wallows,” can be used to track the caribou’s movement and to determine their habitat preferences. Hunters should also be familiar with the caribou’s behavior, such as their tendency to congregate in areas with abundant food sources and to move in a linear fashion during the migration.