Quick Answer
In emergency situations, purify water using methods such as boiling, solar disinfection, or using water filters to remove contaminants and bacteria. Boiling is the most effective method, killing up to 99.9% of bacteria and viruses. Use a filter or purification tablets as a secondary option.
Boiling Water
Boiling is the most reliable method for purifying water in emergencies. To boil water effectively, bring it to a rolling boil for at least 1 minute at an elevation of 0-2000 feet above sea level. At higher elevations, boil for 3 minutes to ensure thorough purification. Monitor the temperature with a thermometer to ensure it reaches 165°F (74°C). If a thermometer is not available, use a rolling boil as a substitute for at least 5 minutes. Always use a lid to contain the boil, reducing evaporation and saving fuel.
Solar Disinfection (SODIS)
SODIS is a simple method for purifying water in sunny environments. Place a clear plastic bottle filled with water in direct sunlight for at least 6 hours. The UV rays will kill bacteria and viruses, making the water safe to drink. Use a dark-colored bottle as a backup, as UV rays can pass through clear plastic. Do not use this method in heavily polluted areas, as the contamination may still remain after treatment.
Using Water Filters
Use portable water filters, such as LifeStraw or Sawyer Mini, to remove bacteria, viruses, and parasites from water. These filters have a 0.2-0.3 micrometer pore size, ensuring 99.9% of contaminants are removed. Replace filters every 6-12 months or as recommended by the manufacturer. Always check the filter’s efficacy before using it in emergency situations.
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