What happens to battery performance below freezing?

Battery Capacity Loss Below Freezing

Batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries, suffer significant capacity loss when exposed to cold temperatures. As the temperature drops below 32°F (0°C), the battery’s internal chemistry slows down, causing a decrease in capacity. This capacity loss is not linear and can range from 50% to 80% at 32°F (0°C), depending on the battery type and quality.

Techniques to Minimize Capacity Loss

To minimize capacity loss in batteries below freezing, it’s essential to keep them warm. One technique is to store batteries in a warm place, such as an interior pocket or a warm compartment in your gear. Another technique is to use a battery warmer or a heating pad to warm the battery before use. Some high-end batteries also have built-in temperature compensation circuits to mitigate capacity loss in cold temperatures.

Choosing Batteries for Cold Weather Use

If you plan to use your gear in cold weather, it’s crucial to choose batteries that are specifically designed for cold temperatures. Look for batteries with a high capacity rating, a low self-discharge rate, and a temperature range that matches your expected usage. Some popular battery types for cold weather use include lithium-ion batteries with a temperature range of -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries with a temperature range of -20°C to 40°C (-4°F to 104°F).