Quick Answer
Identify North using a shadow stick by creating a straight line between the shadow of an object and the top of a vertical stick, then wait for the shadow to shorten. Mark the new position of the shadow and wait for it to shorten again. Repeat this process at regular intervals, noting the direction of the shadow's movement.
Creating a Shadow Stick
To use a shadow stick, find a straight stick and plant it in the ground vertically. This will be your reference point. Choose an object with a long shadow, such as a rock or a piece of debris. Mark the end of the shadow with a small stick or a rock. Wait for about 15-20 minutes, until the sun has moved slightly. The shadow of the object will have shortened, and you can mark its new position.
Understanding Shadow Movement
The shadow of the object moves towards the north, so mark the new position of the shadow relative to the vertical stick. The direction you are facing is not directly north, but the shadow is moving in that direction, so you can use this movement to estimate the direction of north. Repeat this process at regular intervals to get a more accurate reading.
Locating North
To locate north, look for the direction that the shadow is moving. In the northern hemisphere, the shadow will move from east to west. In the southern hemisphere, the shadow will move from west to east. By observing the movement of the shadow, you can estimate the direction of north. Use this information in combination with other navigation techniques, such as reading the stars or using a compass, to get a more accurate reading.
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