Pit Firing vs. Kiln Firing: Which Is Superior for Durability?

Primitive Pottery Firing Techniques

Pit firing is a primitive pottery firing technique that involves placing the pottery in a hole or pit lined with combustible materials, such as wood or straw, and then lighting the fuel to create a high-temperature fire. This method can produce temperatures of up to 1200°C, which is hot enough to vitrify the clay and create a durable, waterproof surface. In contrast, kiln firing typically reaches temperatures of around 1000-1100°C.

Clay Sourcing and Preparation

The durability of the pottery also depends on the type of clay used. Earthenware clays, which are high in kaolin and feldspar, are well-suited for pit firing and can produce a hard, vitrified surface. However, the clay must be carefully sourced and prepared to ensure that it is free of impurities and has the right moisture content for firing. A good quality earthenware clay typically has a moisture content of around 15-20% before firing.

Waterproofing and Surface Hardening

To create a waterproof surface on the pottery, it’s common to apply a layer of wax or resin before firing. The wax or resin melts and penetrates the clay, creating a hydrophobic surface that repels water. After firing, the surface can be further hardened using techniques such as burnishing or scraping to create a smooth, durable finish. A burnished surface can be achieved by using a combination of abrasives, water, and elbow grease, or by using a traditional hand-held tool, such as a metal scraper or a piece of bamboo.