Quick Answer
Splinting is essential for wilderness first aid because it helps immobilize and stabilize broken bones, reducing pain, preventing further injury and complications, and allowing the victim to be transported safely.
Immobilization and Stabilization
When a bone is broken, the surrounding muscles and soft tissues will swell, causing further pressure on the affected area. To prevent this, a splint must be applied to immobilize the injured limb, keeping it straight and in a neutral position. This is typically achieved by using a rigid material, such as a straight branch or a piece of aluminum, and securing it with rope, tape, or cloth. The goal is to prevent any significant movement of the injured area, allowing the body’s natural healing processes to take over.
Types of Splints
There are two primary types of splints used in wilderness first aid: functional and non-functional. A non-functional splint is used to stabilize a broken bone, but it doesn’t allow for movement. A functional splint allows for limited movement, which can help prevent stiffness and promote circulation. The most common non-functional splint is the “backboard” splint, which uses a long, straight board to immobilize the limb. The most common functional splint is the “finger splint,” which uses a thin, flexible material to allow for limited movement while still providing support.
Applying a Splint
When applying a splint, it’s essential to follow the P.R.I.C.E. principle: Protect the injured area from further injury, Rest the affected limb, Ice the area to reduce swelling, Compress the area with a bandage or splint, and Elevate the injured limb to reduce swelling. When applying a splint, use a minimum of two points of contact to secure the injured limb, and make sure the splint is snug but not too tight. It’s also essential to check the splint regularly to ensure it’s not causing any further damage or discomfort.
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