Quick Answer
If you encounter a dam while traveling downstream, try to avoid going over or through it if possible, as this can be extremely hazardous. Instead, look for a place to portage around the dam, or wait for a safe opportunity to pass through a designated channel or spillway. If you must pass through, do so slowly and carefully.
Assessing the Dam
When approaching a dam, assess its size, flow rate, and any warning signs or markers. Look for signs of strong currents, turbulence, or changing water levels. Large dams can generate powerful currents, waves, or whirlpools that can be deadly. If the dam is too large to navigate safely, consider portaging around it.
Portaging and Spillway Navigation
If you decide to portage around the dam, choose a suitable location with a safe and stable route. Remove any unnecessary gear and consider using a rope or pulley system to help lift your kayak or canoe over obstacles. When navigating a spillway, start with a slow and steady approach, using a downstream-facing paddle or a kayak’s skeg to help stabilize the vessel.
Passing Through the Dam
If you must pass through the dam, do so slowly and carefully, using a downstream-facing paddle to help stabilize the vessel. Keep your weight centered and avoid making sudden movements that could cause the kayak or canoe to tip or get caught in the current. If you’re kayaking, consider using a skirt to help prevent water from entering the cockpit. When passing through the dam, stay alert for changing water levels, strong currents, or other hazards that could affect your passage.
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