Quick Answer
Visibility is endangered during a sandstorm due to the large size of the sand particles that are kicked up, which scatters sunlight and reduces visibility to near zero.
Why Sandstorms Are Hazardous
Sandstorms are among the most unpredictable and deadly natural hazards in the desert, posing a significant threat to travelers and residents alike. The extreme conditions can reduce visibility to less than 10 feet in a matter of seconds, making it difficult or impossible to navigate even familiar terrain. The sand particles can also cause respiratory problems due to inhalation, exacerbating existing conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Causes of Visibility Reduction
When a sandstorm hits, the large sand particles are blown through the air, scattering sunlight in all directions. This phenomenon is known as Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, who first described it in the early 20th century. The larger the sand particles, the more they scatter the light, and the lower the visibility becomes. In a typical sandstorm, the visibility can drop to near zero due to the high concentration of large sand particles in the air, which can be as high as 1,000 times the normal concentration.
Preparing for a Sandstorm
To prepare for a sandstorm, it’s essential to have a survival kit that includes a dust mask rated for high levels of particulate matter (PM), goggles to protect the eyes, and a first aid kit to treat any respiratory issues that may arise. It’s also crucial to have a reliable means of navigation, such as a compass or GPS device, to help find a safe shelter. When a sandstorm hits, stay low to the ground and avoid traveling, as the conditions will only worsen as the storm intensifies.
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