What types of forage attract elk in the Gila Wilderness?

Native Grasses and Elk Habitat

Native grasses, specifically blue grama and switchgrass, comprise a significant portion of the Gila Wilderness’s elk forage. These grasses thrive in areas with well-drained soils and full sun, often found in meadows and along ridgelines. A study by the University of New Mexico found that elk in the Gila Wilderness spend an average of 20% of their foraging time on blue grama, making it a crucial component of their diet.

Aspen and Cottonwood Groves

Aspen and cottonwood groves provide critical elk habitat in the Gila Wilderness. These deciduous trees offer food, shelter, and breeding grounds for elk. Elk are known to target the tender shoots and leaves of aspen and cottonwood trees, particularly in early spring when other forage is scarce. In fact, a study by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish found that elk spend up to 40% of their time in aspen and cottonwood groves during the spring months.

Foraging Patterns and Seasonal Trends

Elk foraging patterns in the Gila Wilderness follow seasonal trends, with a shift towards more abundant and nutritious forages during different times of the year. In the spring, elk focus on aspen and cottonwood groves, while in the summer, they target native grasses and shrubs. In the fall, elk begin to prepare for winter by consuming more high-calorie forages like the seeds and nuts of shrubs like mountain mahogany. Understanding these seasonal trends is essential for effective elk management and habitat conservation.