What are Best Practices for Treating Burns in the Wilderness?

Classifying Burns

In wilderness first aid, burns are classified based on their severity and the depth of damage. The Rule of Nines can help estimate the size of a burn: the head and neck account for 9%, each arm is 9%, the front and back of the torso each account for 18%, and each leg is 18%. Burns can be first, second, or third degree. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, while second-degree burns damage both the outer and inner layers, and third-degree burns destroy both layers and potentially underlying tissues.

Treating Burns

Cooling the burn area is crucial in preventing infection and promoting healing. Run cool or lukewarm water over the burn for 10-15 minutes, or apply a cool compress. Never use ice directly on the burn, as it can cause further damage. Once cooled, apply a non-stick dressing or cloth, such as gauze or a clean cotton cloth, to protect the area from further irritation. For burns that are larger than 3 inches in diameter or in sensitive areas, such as the face, hands, or feet, seek medical attention. For second- and third-degree burns, elevate the affected area above the level of the heart to reduce swelling.