Quick Answer
Immediately assess the victim's airway, breathing, and circulation while providing a clear airway with a head tilt-chin lift and checking for a gag reflex. If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing, start CPR with 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths. Call for emergency help and follow the local protocol.
Initial Assessment and CPR
If the victim is not breathing, the rescuer should start chest compressions and rescue breaths immediately. The American Heart Association recommends a ratio of 30 chest compressions to two rescue breaths. Start with 30 chest compressions, using the heel of one hand on the center of the victim’s chest, and then give two rescue breaths, making sure the head is tilted back and the mouth is clear. Continue this cycle until emergency help arrives or more advanced medical care can be administered.
Managing Hypothermia
Cold water immersion can cause hypothermia in as little as a few minutes. Monitor the victim’s body temperature closely, as hypothermia can impair judgment and reaction time. Remove any wet clothing and provide dry blankets or emergency bivvy sacks to help retain body heat. If the victim is conscious, provide warm fluids such as hot chocolate or tea, but avoid providing anything by mouth if they are unconscious. If the victim is unconscious, start CPR and follow local protocol.
Positioning and Ventilation
After the initial assessment, position the victim on their back on a firm, flat surface. If the victim is not breathing, tilt their head back and lift their chin to open their airway. Use a head tilt-chin lift to maintain the airway, rather than simply tilting the head back. This technique helps to keep the tongue from falling back and blocking the airway. Continue to monitor the victim’s airway, breathing, and circulation, and adjust your response as necessary.
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