Quick Answer
For building a tundra shelter, the best materials are larch or aspen branches, willow or spruce branches for the frame, and snow or lichen for insulation. Snow is ideal for insulation but can shift under wind pressure. Lichen can provide a more stable insulation.
Choosing Materials for the Frame
When selecting branches for the frame, look for larch or aspen, which are sturdy and resistant to wind. Cut branches with a diameter of 1-2 inches and length of 4-6 feet. Bend the branches into the required shape and secure them together with smaller willow or spruce branches. This will create a sturdy and wind-resistant frame.
Insulation and Snow Anchoring
For insulation, use snow or lichen. Snow is ideal, but it can shift under wind pressure. If using snow, create a slope to shed snow and avoid accumulation. Lichen is a better option for permafrost areas where snow is scarce. Attach the lichen to the frame using smaller branches or by weaving it through the structure.
Shelter Design and Wind Exposure
Build the shelter with the entrance facing away from the prevailing wind. This will help reduce wind exposure and prevent snow from accumulating. Design the shelter to slope away from the wind, allowing snow to slide off easily. The shelter should be narrow and shallow to reduce the surface area exposed to wind.
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