Is It Wise To Use Fertilizers In Native Grass Restoration?

Native Plant Balance

Native grass restoration aims to mimic the natural process of plant succession, which is influenced by soil, climate, and competition among plant species. Fertilizers can alter soil chemistry and nutrient availability, leading to shifts in plant species composition and potentially favoring invasive species. In a warm-season grass restoration for upland birds, maintaining low soil fertility is essential for promoting native grass species such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii).

Soil Preparation is Key

Instead of using fertilizers, land managers can use proper soil preparation techniques to promote native plant growth. This includes incorporating native grass seeds into the soil at a rate of 30-40 pounds per acre, followed by a gentle disk or chop to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. Additionally, maintaining a native grass restoration in a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) setting can provide a 3-5 year establishment period, allowing native plant species to establish themselves without human intervention.

Wildlife Habitat Benefits

Native grass restorations with minimal fertilizer use can provide valuable habitat benefits for upland birds, such as nesting cover and foraging areas. For example, a 5-year study on native grass restorations in the Midwest found that bird species such as the eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) and upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) used these areas extensively for nesting and foraging. By avoiding the use of fertilizers, land managers can maintain a more natural and diverse ecosystem, ultimately benefiting wildlife populations.