Quick Answer
For an ethical elk shot with a .45-70, the minimum distance is 100-150 yards, taking into account bullet penetration, blood trail visibility, and the animal's vital organ placement.
Ballistics Considerations
When considering a shot with a .45-70, the key is bullet expansion and penetration. The .45-70 government cartridge typically launches a .45 caliber bullet at approximately 2,000 fps, which results in a trajectory that is relatively flat for the first 200 yards. The 300-grain Hornady SP bullet, for example, will retain 95% of its weight at 175 yards and 70% at 250 yards. This means that at 100-150 yards, you can expect a good amount of expansion and penetration, making it an ideal range for an elk shot.
Shot Placement and Trajectory
At 100-150 yards, elk shot placement becomes critical. A good rule of thumb is to aim for the heart-lung area, which is a circle approximately 8 inches in diameter. This area includes the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. Aiming for the center of this circle will ensure a quick and humane kill. Additionally, consider the elk’s angle and any obstacles that may affect bullet trajectory. Aiming slightly high will help compensate for any drop.
Additional Considerations
When taking an elk shot at 100-150 yards, it’s essential to consider the bullet’s kinetic energy and the animal’s vital organ placement. Elk have a relatively small vital organ area, so accuracy is crucial. Additionally, the .45-70’s kinetic energy (approximately 2,100 ft-lbs at the muzzle) will ensure a clean kill, as long as the shot is placed correctly. Always consider the animal’s movement, any wind, and the terrain before taking a shot.
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