Quick Answer
A hatchet offers improved chopping efficiency, especially for larger logs, and can withstand more force without becoming dull. This is due to its heavier weight and angled head, which helps to concentrate the force of the swing onto a smaller area. Additionally, a hatchet can be used for tasks that require a more controlled swing.
Choosing the Right Hatchet
When selecting a hatchet, consider a weight of 1-2 pounds and a blade length of 4-6 inches. This size is suitable for most bushcraft tasks, including chopping kindling, felling small trees, and limbing larger ones. Look for a hatchet with a curved or angled head, which will help to concentrate the force of the swing and reduce the risk of it slipping off the log.
Using a Hatchet for Felling and Splitting
To fell a small tree with a hatchet, start by chopping a notch on the side of the tree at a 45-degree angle. This notch should be about 1/3 of the way through the diameter of the trunk. Next, chop a second notch on the opposite side of the tree, parallel to the first notch. Finally, use a mallet or heavy stick to drive the hatchet through the second notch, splitting the tree along the axis of the trunk. For splitting larger logs, use a wedging technique, where you place a small wedge of wood into the log and use the hatchet to chop it into the log, gradually splitting it apart.
Maintenance and Sharpening
To maintain a hatchet, regularly clean and inspect the blade for signs of wear. Sharpen the blade using a whetstone or file, focusing on the bevel edge. For a hatchet with a curved head, sharpen the blade at an angle of around 20-25 degrees. This will help to maintain the effectiveness of the hatchet and prevent it from becoming too dull to use.
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