What are typical behaviors of Eastern wild turkeys during spring?

Mating and Roosting Behaviors

In the spring, Eastern wild turkeys transition into a more social and active lifestyle. Males, or toms, often form small groups and engage in loud gobbling to establish dominance and attract females. These groups typically consist of 2-6 toms and 5-10 hens, and can be observed near roosting sites, such as oak or beech trees, which provide suitable perches for the birds. Toms will often roost in the upper branches of these trees, while hens and poults will roost in the lower branches or on the ground.

Foraging and Habitat Use

Female Eastern wild turkeys, or hens, are primarily responsible for foraging and caring for their young. During the spring, hens will forage for food in a variety of habitats, including wooded areas, fields, and early successional growth. They tend to prefer areas with dense vegetation, such as clover or alfalfa, and will often scratch and dig in these areas to uncover seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates. Hens will also lead their poults to these areas, teaching them essential foraging skills.

Calling and Communication

Eastern wild turkeys are renowned for their distinctive calls, and spring is a time of increased vocal activity. Toms will often gobble loudly, particularly in the early morning and late evening, to announce their presence and establish dominance. Hens will also respond with soft clucks and chirps, while poults will make high-pitched peeps to communicate with their mothers. This vocal activity can be an effective way to locate turkeys during the spring, as toms will often respond to calls and move towards the source of the sound.