Is it Safe to Compost Toilet Paper with Humanure?

Understanding Composting Dynamics

Composting humanure and toilet paper involves breaking down organic matter into a stable, soil-like product. Toilet paper, being a cellulose-based material, can act as a bulking agent and help maintain oxygen flow within the compost pile. When toilet paper is sufficiently decomposed, it can become an integral part of the compost, providing structure and improving water-holding capacity.

Safe Composting Practices

To ensure safe composting of humanure and toilet paper, it’s crucial to maintain a carbon-rich environment. A general rule of thumb is to maintain a 20:1 carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, with toilet paper contributing to the carbon component. This means adding 20 pounds of toilet paper for every 1 pound of humanure. Regular turning and monitoring of temperature (ideally above 131°F) can also help kill off pathogens and facilitate decomposition.

Managing Pathogens and Odors

Pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella can be present in humanure, and improper composting can lead to their survival. To mitigate this risk, compost piles should be regularly turned (every 7-10 days) and maintained at temperatures above 131°F for a minimum of 3 days. Additionally, ensuring adequate moisture (40-60% water content) and oxygen levels within the compost pile can also help reduce pathogens and odors.