Quick Answer
Companion plants for apple trees in permaculture systems include comfrey, nasturtiums, and marigolds, which improve soil health and deter pests such as codling moths and aphids. These plants are easy to grow and can be incorporated into a diverse food forest ecosystem. They also attract beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs.
Choosing Companion Plants
When selecting companion plants for apple trees, it’s essential to consider the specific needs and benefits of each plant. Comfrey, for example, is a dynamic accumulator that brings up nutrients from deep in the soil and makes them available to other plants. This process is called “green manure,” and it can improve soil fertility and structure. Plant comfrey around the base of your apple trees, about 12-18 inches away, to create a nutrient-rich mulch.
Planting a Diverse Food Forest Ecosystem
A diverse food forest ecosystem is more resilient and productive than a single-plant orchard. In addition to comfrey, consider planting nasturtiums and marigolds around your apple trees to deter pests. Nasturtiums, in particular, repel aphids and whiteflies, while marigolds repel nematodes and other soil-dwelling pests. These plants are easy to grow and can thrive in a variety of conditions, making them perfect for a lawn-to-food forest conversion.
Maximizing Space and Productivity
To maximize space and productivity in your permaculture system, consider using a guild approach. A guild is a group of plants that work together to create a mutually beneficial ecosystem. For example, you can plant comfrey at the base of your apple trees, then plant lettuce and herbs like thyme and oregano around the comfrey. This creates a layered, diverse ecosystem that produces a wide range of fruits, nuts, and vegetables.
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