Quick Answer
The performance of bifacial solar panels is influenced by factors such as the reflectivity of the surface underneath the panel, the angle of incidence of sunlight, and the efficiency of the panel's backside.
Factors Affecting Bifacial Performance
Bifacial solar panels can take advantage of both direct sunlight and reflected light from the surface underneath the panel, increasing overall energy production. The reflectivity of the surface underneath can greatly impact this performance, with dark-colored surfaces absorbing more light and reducing bifacial gain. For example, a black asphalt surface may reduce bifacial gain by up to 20% compared to a light-colored surface.
Surface Characteristics for Bifacial Gain
A surface with high reflectivity, such as a white or light-colored roof or ground, can increase bifacial gain by 10-20%. The ideal surface for bifacial panels is one with a high albedo (reflectivity) value, such as a snowy or sandy surface, which can increase energy production by up to 30%. On the other hand, surfaces with low albedo values, such as black or dark-colored surfaces, can reduce bifacial gain and should be avoided.
Installation and Design Considerations
When designing a bifacial solar panel system, it’s essential to consider the orientation and angle of the panels to maximize energy production. A south-facing orientation with a tilt angle of 20-30 degrees is ideal for most locations. The distance between the panels and the surface underneath should also be taken into account, with a minimum distance of 1-2 meters recommended to prevent shading and reduce bifacial gain.
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