Is Raw Milk Legal to Sell in All 50 States?

States with Raw Milk Sales

Thirty-two US states permit raw milk sales, either directly from the farm, through cow-sharing programs, or at farmers’ markets. These states include California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin, among others. For example, in California, raw milk can be sold through a cow-sharing program where consumers purchase a share of the cow, allowing them to collect raw milk directly from the farm.

Licensing and Regulations

In states where raw milk sales are permitted, there are often requirements for on-farm inspections, sanitation, and testing for pathogens. The licensing process can vary significantly from state to state, but some common requirements include: registering the dairy farm with the state, obtaining a permit or license, and adhering to specific regulations regarding animal health, milk production, and handling procedures. For example, in Michigan, raw milk producers must obtain a permit from the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, which involves an initial application fee and annual renewal fees.

Exemptions and Variations

Some states have specific exemptions or variations from raw milk sales regulations. For instance, in Wisconsin, raw milk can be sold through a cow-share program, but it must be labeled as “raw milk” and the consumer must sign a waiver acknowledging the risks associated with consuming raw milk. Additionally, some states allow raw milk sales for specific purposes, such as for use in cheese or yogurt production, rather than for direct human consumption. Understanding the specific laws and regulations in each state is essential for raw milk producers and consumers alike.