Quick Answer
For turkey hunting, a 20-gauge shotgun is suitable for most hunters, offering more manageable recoil and slightly less penetration, while a 12-gauge provides more power and longer effective range.
Shotgun Gauge Options for Turkey Hunting
When selecting a shotgun gauge for turkey hunting, consider your comfort level with recoil and the type of hunting you’ll be doing. A 20-gauge shotgun typically weighs 6-7 pounds and produces 12-15 ft-lbs of recoil, making it more manageable for younger or less experienced hunters. This gauge is ideal for forested areas with dense cover, where shot penetration is less of a concern.
Effective Range and Pattern Density
The effective range of a 20-gauge shotgun for turkey hunting is generally considered to be 30-40 yards, although some high-performance loads may extend this range to 50 yards. To maximize pattern density at these distances, use shot shells with a tight pattern, such as a 1-ounce load with 5-7 pellets in the 10-inch circle. This will improve your chances of hitting the turkey, especially in wind-challenged conditions.
Choke Selection and Load Choice
For turkey hunting with a 20-gauge, use a modified or full choke to create the tightest possible pattern at close to medium range. When choosing a load, select a 2 3/4-inch or 3-inch shell with a velocity of 1,200-1,300 fps to ensure sufficient penetration and range.
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