What should I do if someone exhibits severe altitude sickness?

Identifying Altitude Sickness Symptoms

Symptoms of altitude sickness can begin within hours of ascending to high elevations and may include headache, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Mild symptoms can be treated with rest and hydration, but severe symptoms require immediate medical attention. Watch for symptoms such as a severe headache that worsens over time, vomiting, and confusion, which can indicate high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE).

Treating Altitude Sickness

Administer acetazolamide (Diamox) according to package instructions to help alleviate symptoms, but only if you have a prescription or are in an area with medical access. Descend to a lower elevation as quickly and safely as possible, ideally 1,000 to 2,000 feet per hour. Monitor the individual’s vital signs and watch for signs of worsening symptoms, such as increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve with descent.

Preventing Altitude Sickness

To prevent altitude sickness, ascend gradually to high elevations, spending one or two nights at each intermediate stop, and avoid strenuous physical activity for at least 24 hours after arrival. Monitor your body’s response and be aware of the early signs of altitude sickness, taking action promptly if symptoms appear. Consult with a healthcare professional or a guide with experience in high-altitude travel for guidance on safe ascension and potential medication use.