How Do Terrain Conditions Affect The Choice Of Factory Loads?

Considering Long-Range Shots

When hunting in open terrain, factory loads with a higher muzzle velocity and a heavier bullet are often preferred to ensure they maintain their energy and accuracy over longer distances. For example, in a mountainous region, a .30-06 Springfield with a 180-grain bullet at 2,700 feet per second can be a reliable choice for shots up to 500 yards. In contrast, a flat terrain might allow for the use of lighter bullets with a lower muzzle velocity, such as a 150-grain bullet at 2,400 feet per second.

Accounting for Thick Cover and Brush

In dense vegetation, a bullet with a higher sectional density (mass per unit area) will be less likely to keyhole or tumble, ensuring a cleaner kill. For instance, a .308 Winchester with a 150-grain bullet at 2,700 feet per second would be a better choice in thick cover where a lighter bullet might lose its trajectory. Conversely, a 180-grain bullet at 2,400 feet per second might be more suitable in open areas with less vegetation.

Understanding Bullet Expansion

In dense game such as elk or moose, a bullet that expands quickly is often preferred to ensure a rapid kill. Factory loads with a bullet that expands at a rate of 0.01 to 0.02 inches for every 100 yards of penetration are generally effective for these types of game. For example, a .300 Winchester Magnum with a 180-grain bullet at 2,900 feet per second can be a reliable choice for hunting large game in close to moderate ranges.